Quiz time!
Check how much you've learned about pituitary dwarfism/ gigantism!
1) Which hormone is seen in abnormal levels in both dwarfism and gigantism?
2) What endocrine gland controls the amount of human growth hormone in the body?
3) True or False: Growth hormone is either inhibited by growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) and stimulated by somatostatin (SST).
4) How does the varying secretion rates of growth hormone cause pituitary dwarfism or gigantism in children?
Hint: What is the difference between hypersecretion and hyposecretion?
5) True or False: Treatments for pituitary dwarfism/ gigantism are relatively non-invasive and have a high success rate.
6) With an adrenocorticotropic deficiency, little cortisol release is important. Name the major effect of having low cortisol release as it relates to pituitary dwarfism.
7) Transsphenodal surgery is most successful in curing patients with microdenomas.
Answers:
1.) pituitary (human) growth hormone 2.) pituitary gland 3.) FALSE: hGH is stimulated by GHRH and inhibited by SST 4.) The hyposecretion (below average) of growth hormone causes pituitary dwarfism in children, while the hypersecretion (excess) of growth hormone causes gigantism in children. 5.) FALSE 6.) low cortisol levels result in slowed growth in children. 7.) True, it has an 80-85% success rate
2) What endocrine gland controls the amount of human growth hormone in the body?
3) True or False: Growth hormone is either inhibited by growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) and stimulated by somatostatin (SST).
4) How does the varying secretion rates of growth hormone cause pituitary dwarfism or gigantism in children?
Hint: What is the difference between hypersecretion and hyposecretion?
5) True or False: Treatments for pituitary dwarfism/ gigantism are relatively non-invasive and have a high success rate.
6) With an adrenocorticotropic deficiency, little cortisol release is important. Name the major effect of having low cortisol release as it relates to pituitary dwarfism.
7) Transsphenodal surgery is most successful in curing patients with microdenomas.
Answers:
1.) pituitary (human) growth hormone 2.) pituitary gland 3.) FALSE: hGH is stimulated by GHRH and inhibited by SST 4.) The hyposecretion (below average) of growth hormone causes pituitary dwarfism in children, while the hypersecretion (excess) of growth hormone causes gigantism in children. 5.) FALSE 6.) low cortisol levels result in slowed growth in children. 7.) True, it has an 80-85% success rate
References
Sorted by tab
Introduction and Mechanisms tab:
1) Dwarfism. Mayo Clinic Website. http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/dwarfism/basics/definition/con-20032297 Published September 11, 2014. Accessed November 26, 2014.
2) Thadani, R. Pituitary Growth Hormone. http://www.buzzle.com/articles/pituitary-growth-hormone.html Published August 6, 2010. Accessed November 26, 2014.
3) The Hypothalamus and Pituitary Gland, In: Widmaier, Eric P.; Raff, Hershel; Strand, Kevin T. Vander’s Human Physiology. McGraw-Hill Education; 2013: 333-339.
4) Growth Hormone. MidLandsTech Chapter 16. http://classes.midlandstech.edu/carterp/Courses/bio211/chap16/chap16.htm Date NA. Accessed November 2, 2014.
5) What is the Pituitary Gland? [Video]. YouTube. http://m.youtube.com/watch?v=ZfDXSKhNS4I Published August 29, 2012. Accessed November 2, 2014.
6) McGrugan H. Gigantism. Healthline Website. http://www.healthline.com/health/gigantism#Overview1 Published June 30, 2012. Accessed November 26, 2014.
Causes, Incidence and Risk Factors tab:
1) Pituitary Dwarfism (Growth hormone deficiency, Panhypopituitarism). http://www.myvmc.com/diseases/pituitary-dwarfism-growth-hormone-deficiency-panhypopituitarism/#Risk_Factors Published December 30, 2003. Updated March 13, 2014. Accessed November 26, 2014.
2) Gigantism and Dwarfism. http://tastyenglish.co.kr/nFunEnglish/freeview.asp?field=&str=&sid=3195&strBoardid=free&page=16. Published August 27, 2010. Accessed November 26, 2014.
3) Thadani, R. Pituitary Growth Hormone. http://www.buzzle.com/articles/pituitary-growth-hormone.html Published August 6, 2010. Accessed November 26, 2014.
4) Genetics Home Reference. Carney complex. http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/carney-complex. Published January 2010. Updated November 24, 2014. Accessed November 26, 2014.
5) Acromegaly. http://www.myvmc.com/medical-dictionary/acromegaly-2/. Published January 1, 2012. Updated January 21, 2014. Accessed November 26, 2014.
6) Abe T, Tara LA, Lüdecke DK. Growth hormone-secreting pituitary adenomas in childhood and adolescence: features and results of transnasal surgery. Neurosurgery. 1999;45(1):1-10.
Symptoms tab:
1) Pituitary Dwarfism. The Free Dictionary by Farlex. http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/pituitary+dwarfism Accessed Novermeber 26, 2014.
2) McGrugan H. Gigantism. Healthline Website. http://www.healthline.com/health/gigantism#Overview1 Published June 30, 2012. Accessed November 26, 2014.
3) Pituitary Dwarfism Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treatment. Doctor Tipster. http://www.doctortipster.com/6928-pituitary-dwarfism-causes-symptoms-diagnosis-and-treatment.html#comments Published November 26, 2011. Accessed November 26, 2014.
Treatment and Prognosis tab:
(1) Gonadotropin deficiency; Available from: http://diseasereference.net/info/hypogonadotropic-hypogonadism/208000.html. Accessed November 17, 2014.
(2) Adrenal Gland Insufficiency Caused By ACTH Deficiency; Available from: http://www.ohsu.edu/xd/health/services/brain/getting-treatment/diagnosis/pituitary-disorders/about/hormone-deficiencies/adrenal-insufficiency.cfm. Accessed November 17, 2014.
(3) Adrenal Gland Insufficiency Caused By ACTH Deficiency ; Available from: http://www.organsofthebody.com/pituitary-gland/pituitary-gland-hormones.php. Accessed November 17, 2014.
(4) Thyroid deficiency and mental health August. 2007 ; Available from: http://www.health.harvard.edu/fhg/updates/Thyroid-deficiency-and-mental-health.shtml. Accessed November 17, 2014.
(5) Hypopituitarism; Available from: http://www.pituitarysociety.org/public/specific/hypopituitarism/treatment_html.aspx. Accessed November 2014.
(6) Male hypogonadism ;Available from: http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/male-hypogonadism/basics/definition/con-20014235 Accessed November 20, 2014 .
(7) Dwarfism ;Available from: http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/dwarfism/basics/treatment/con-20032297. Accessed November 20, 2014.
(8) Dwarfism; Available from: http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/dwarfism/basics/coping-support/con-20032297. Accessed November 20, 2014.
(9) Gigantism; Available from: http://pituitary.ucla.edu/body.cfm?id=83. Accessed November 21, 2014.
(10) Gigantism ; Available from: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001174.htm. Accessed November 21, 2014.
(11) Dwarfism Patient Surgeries Lengthens Arms, Legs. [Video]. Youtube. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s4NsbxIGVHc. Published December 3, 2012. Accessed November 1, 2014.
(12) Giants-Part 1-Pituitary Gigantism and Acromegaly [Video]. Youtube. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ebhf1qKVA9A. Published September 3, 2008. Accessed November 11, 2014.
(13) Ozkok A, Hatipoglu E, Tamcelik N, et al. Corneal biomechanical properties of patients with acromegaly. British Journal of Ophthalmology. 2014;98(5):651-657. doi: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2013-304277.
1) Dwarfism. Mayo Clinic Website. http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/dwarfism/basics/definition/con-20032297 Published September 11, 2014. Accessed November 26, 2014.
2) Thadani, R. Pituitary Growth Hormone. http://www.buzzle.com/articles/pituitary-growth-hormone.html Published August 6, 2010. Accessed November 26, 2014.
3) The Hypothalamus and Pituitary Gland, In: Widmaier, Eric P.; Raff, Hershel; Strand, Kevin T. Vander’s Human Physiology. McGraw-Hill Education; 2013: 333-339.
4) Growth Hormone. MidLandsTech Chapter 16. http://classes.midlandstech.edu/carterp/Courses/bio211/chap16/chap16.htm Date NA. Accessed November 2, 2014.
5) What is the Pituitary Gland? [Video]. YouTube. http://m.youtube.com/watch?v=ZfDXSKhNS4I Published August 29, 2012. Accessed November 2, 2014.
6) McGrugan H. Gigantism. Healthline Website. http://www.healthline.com/health/gigantism#Overview1 Published June 30, 2012. Accessed November 26, 2014.
Causes, Incidence and Risk Factors tab:
1) Pituitary Dwarfism (Growth hormone deficiency, Panhypopituitarism). http://www.myvmc.com/diseases/pituitary-dwarfism-growth-hormone-deficiency-panhypopituitarism/#Risk_Factors Published December 30, 2003. Updated March 13, 2014. Accessed November 26, 2014.
2) Gigantism and Dwarfism. http://tastyenglish.co.kr/nFunEnglish/freeview.asp?field=&str=&sid=3195&strBoardid=free&page=16. Published August 27, 2010. Accessed November 26, 2014.
3) Thadani, R. Pituitary Growth Hormone. http://www.buzzle.com/articles/pituitary-growth-hormone.html Published August 6, 2010. Accessed November 26, 2014.
4) Genetics Home Reference. Carney complex. http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/carney-complex. Published January 2010. Updated November 24, 2014. Accessed November 26, 2014.
5) Acromegaly. http://www.myvmc.com/medical-dictionary/acromegaly-2/. Published January 1, 2012. Updated January 21, 2014. Accessed November 26, 2014.
6) Abe T, Tara LA, Lüdecke DK. Growth hormone-secreting pituitary adenomas in childhood and adolescence: features and results of transnasal surgery. Neurosurgery. 1999;45(1):1-10.
Symptoms tab:
1) Pituitary Dwarfism. The Free Dictionary by Farlex. http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/pituitary+dwarfism Accessed Novermeber 26, 2014.
2) McGrugan H. Gigantism. Healthline Website. http://www.healthline.com/health/gigantism#Overview1 Published June 30, 2012. Accessed November 26, 2014.
3) Pituitary Dwarfism Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treatment. Doctor Tipster. http://www.doctortipster.com/6928-pituitary-dwarfism-causes-symptoms-diagnosis-and-treatment.html#comments Published November 26, 2011. Accessed November 26, 2014.
Treatment and Prognosis tab:
(1) Gonadotropin deficiency; Available from: http://diseasereference.net/info/hypogonadotropic-hypogonadism/208000.html. Accessed November 17, 2014.
(2) Adrenal Gland Insufficiency Caused By ACTH Deficiency; Available from: http://www.ohsu.edu/xd/health/services/brain/getting-treatment/diagnosis/pituitary-disorders/about/hormone-deficiencies/adrenal-insufficiency.cfm. Accessed November 17, 2014.
(3) Adrenal Gland Insufficiency Caused By ACTH Deficiency ; Available from: http://www.organsofthebody.com/pituitary-gland/pituitary-gland-hormones.php. Accessed November 17, 2014.
(4) Thyroid deficiency and mental health August. 2007 ; Available from: http://www.health.harvard.edu/fhg/updates/Thyroid-deficiency-and-mental-health.shtml. Accessed November 17, 2014.
(5) Hypopituitarism; Available from: http://www.pituitarysociety.org/public/specific/hypopituitarism/treatment_html.aspx. Accessed November 2014.
(6) Male hypogonadism ;Available from: http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/male-hypogonadism/basics/definition/con-20014235 Accessed November 20, 2014 .
(7) Dwarfism ;Available from: http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/dwarfism/basics/treatment/con-20032297. Accessed November 20, 2014.
(8) Dwarfism; Available from: http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/dwarfism/basics/coping-support/con-20032297. Accessed November 20, 2014.
(9) Gigantism; Available from: http://pituitary.ucla.edu/body.cfm?id=83. Accessed November 21, 2014.
(10) Gigantism ; Available from: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001174.htm. Accessed November 21, 2014.
(11) Dwarfism Patient Surgeries Lengthens Arms, Legs. [Video]. Youtube. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s4NsbxIGVHc. Published December 3, 2012. Accessed November 1, 2014.
(12) Giants-Part 1-Pituitary Gigantism and Acromegaly [Video]. Youtube. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ebhf1qKVA9A. Published September 3, 2008. Accessed November 11, 2014.
(13) Ozkok A, Hatipoglu E, Tamcelik N, et al. Corneal biomechanical properties of patients with acromegaly. British Journal of Ophthalmology. 2014;98(5):651-657. doi: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2013-304277.